Pianos are made of wood, metal, and felt, which all expand and contract in response to changes in humidity and temperature. In northern Arizona, we’ve got changes in humidity and temperature all the time! Any changes in the environment around a piano can cause the piano's components to shift, leading to a change in the pitch and tone of the instrument.

When temperatures change, the metal strings of the piano expand or contract, leading to a change in tension. High temperatures cause the metal strings to expand, making them tighter and increasing their pitch. Conversely, low temperatures cause the strings to contract, making them looser and decreasing their pitch.

Humidity is one of the most significant factors that can affect a piano. High humidity causes the wooden components of the piano, predominantly the soundboard, to absorb moisture and swell, resulting in an increase in tension on the strings. This causes the piano to go sharp. On the other hand, low humidity causes the wooden components of the piano to dry out, leading to a decrease in tension on the strings. This can cause the piano to go flat.

Regular maintenance and tuning are necessary to keep your piano sounding its best. Piano manufacturers recommend tuning your piano between 2 and 4 times per year. Generally, tuning your piano twice a year is a good idea, once in the spring and once in the fall. But, of course, if it’s not sounding how you like, it’s time for a tuning!